Diabetes Type 2: Supplements

The following information is not prescriptive. Before taking any supplement, seek the advice of your MD (Medical Doctor) or ND (Naturopathic Doctor) and carefully monitor your blood glucose levels (immediately before and 1 to 2 hours after all meals). Train yourself to be aware of how you react to stress and how you feel when your blood glucose level is low or high. Ensure that your quarterly and annual laboratory blood tests are performed. Follow your diet and exercise programs.

While heredity may predispose, Type 2 Diabetes is essentially a nutritional disease that affects our ability to metabolize the food we eat and causes our body to age faster; effective treatment improves our metabolism and slows down the aging process. Effective treatment involves minimizing the damage already caused by the disease, feeding the diseased body with the correct nutrients to prevent further damage, and creating an environment in which the body can heal itself. Eating a wide variety of foods is the best, cheapest, and most balanced way to provide all the nutrients your body needs. However, due to farming, processing, storage, delivery, and cooking methods, many of the natural nutrients in our food are destroyed. In addition, diabetes also causes a depletion of essential vitamins which no amount of food can replace. Hence the need for supplements. I've identified which supplements might be of benefit to Type 2 Diabetics and noted the safe therapeutic dosage ranges and possible benefits.

I started taking the supplements listed on October 1, 2001. These supplements are a refinement of those I took last month. I'm also striving to reduce the supplements I take to those with the maximum possible benefit at the lowest possible cost. I review and refine my supplement choices and dosages on a monthly basis.

Supplement (click on for details)	Source	Dosage			Notes (supplements taken after breakfast & dinner)
Supplement (click on for details)	Source	Total	am	pm	Notes (supplements taken after breakfast & dinner)
Metformin (Glucophage)	500mg pill	500mg	-	1	Range: 500-3000mg. Metformin is a biguanide oral agent that lowers blood glocose by preventing the liver from overproducing glucose and lowers the insulin resistance of muscle and fat cells so that they can assimulate insulin better. Metformin also reduces the amount of fat and cholesterol (blood lipids) produced by the liver. Weight loss is associated with larger dosages of Metformin. Side effects: short-term nausea and diarrhea. May cause lactic acidosis (symptoms-very weak or tired, unusual muscle pain or stomach discomfort). Jan05: reduced from 1000mg to 500mg.
Inhibace (Cilazapril)	5mg pill	10mg	1	1	Prescribed as an ACE inhibitor to help improve the efficiency of my kidneys. Usually prescribed, however, to lower blood pressure. Increased risk of potassium levels in the body becoming too high, or increased effect of insulin on control of blood glucose. Symptoms of too much potassium: confusion; irregular heartbeat; nervousness; numbness or tingling in hands, feet, or lips; shortness of breath or difficulty breathing; weakness or heaviness of legs. Mar15: On advice of MD, increased from 5 to 10mg/day. Jul-Aug: Had reduced from 10 to 5mg/day by mistake. Sep01: Increased from 5 to 10mg/day.
Paxil (Paroxetine)	20mg pill Sep08: Some indication that Paxil may reduce Glutathione (GSH) levels within cells which may be a contributing factor to the onset of Type 2 Diabetes. Ongoing use of Paxil, or any other SRRI, may make it difficult to control blood glucose levels Should Paxil be prescribed for diabetics or those at high risk of contracting diabetes?	-	-	-	Range: 10-60mg. Prescribed to treat mood swings in June 2000. Paxil belongs to a group of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). These medicines are thought to work by increasing the activity of the chemical serotonin in the brain. Takes a few weeks to work, can be very addictive, and should be stopped by reducing dose by 10%/week while supplementing with a high-bioavailable Whey Isolate protein such as Immunocal/HMS90. Side effects (experienced by me): decreased sexual desire; delayed ejaculation; increased sweating; trouble in sleeping; unusual tiredness and weakness. Withdrawal symptoms (experienced by me): easily agitated; dizziness and lightheadedness; headaches; inability to focus and concentrate; and inexplicable emotional outbursts. Feb01: Reduced from 20mg to 10mg. Feb12: Stopped. Experienced withdrawal symptoms listed above. Feb16: Started again at 20mg/day. Sep08: Reduced to 10mg/day (1/2 pill) while increasing ingestion of Whey protein from 20 to 40mg/day. Sep29: Reduced to 10mg (1/2 pill) every other day. Oct08: Stopped. For more details on my Paxil withdrawal experiences, see the Glutathione section in my CureMe research notes.
Multivitamin	Natural Factors Ultra Multi Plus Sep01: Should I take a split-dose multivit? I'm currently considering the GNC Mega Men's time-released multivit	-	1	-	Ingredients: Beta Carotene-10,000iu; A-2500iu; D3-400iu; B1-50mg; B2-50mg; B3 (Niacin)-10mg; B3 (Niacinamide)-50mg; B6-50mg; B12-100mcg; Pantothenic Acid-50mg; Folic Acid-0.8mg; Biotin-50mcg; C-150mg; E-100iu; Choline-50mg; Inositol-50mg; Methione-50mg; Calcium-125mg; Magnesium-75mg; Iron-10mg; Manganese-5mg; Potassium-50mg; Zinc-10mg; Iodine-0.1mg; Chromium-50mcg; Selenium-50mcg; PABA-50mg; Citrus bioflavonoids-25mg; Betaine-30mg; Bromelain-25mg; Kelp-10mg; Vandium-100mcg. Oct01: Started (I already had a full container)
Burdock & Dandelion	Quest formula Feb13: Investigating possible benefits for Type 2 Diabetics	-	-	-	Ingredients: Burdock Root-90mg; Dandelion Root-90mg; Oregon Grape Root-90mg; Red Clover Blossoms-90mg; Echinacea Angustifolio Root-30mg; Yellow Dock Root-30mg; Cayenne-20mg; Kelp-20mg; Licorice Root-5mg
Chromium & Vanadium	Webber Naturals or Natural Factors 125mcg	-	1	1	Ingredients: Chromium GTF-100mcg; Vanadium-25mcg. Jun01: Dropped but increased Chromium dosage. Sep01: Started again (Webber).
Diabetex	Webber Naturals	-	1	1	Ingredients: Gymnema Sylvestre-130mg, Bitter Melon-125mg, Alpha Lipoic Acid-70mg, Fenugreek-50mg, Ginkgo Biloba-30mg. Jul20: Started (cost warranted because of inclusion of Alpha Lipoic Acid and Ginkgo Biloba, other stuff is a free bonus)
EyeFactors or SuperVision	Natural Factors or Webber Naturals	-	1	1	Ingredients: Eyebright (4:1)-100mg, Bilberry (5:1)-50mg, FloraGlo Lutein-40mg, multi-anthocyanidinis-15mg, Carrot Juice Powder-25mg, Rutin-25mg, Quercetin-25mg. Apr01: Started. Jul01: Replaced EyeFactors with SuperVision
Milk Thistle Complex or Formula	Sundown or Quest	-	1	1	Sundown Ingredients: Milk Thistle-120mg, Dandelion root, Fennel seed and Licorice root blend-280mg. Jul01: Started Quest Ingredients: Milk Thistle-480mg, Burdock-155mg, Dandelion-155mg, Licorice-40mg, Wild Yam Root-60mg
Vitamin A / Beta Carotene	multivit	2,500 iu/ 10,000 iu	-	-	Maximum:10,000iu. Necessary for new cell growth, slows the aging process, essential for utilization of protein. Some indications that Diabetics may have problems in using Beta-Carotene. Sources: liver, dairy products, carrots, kale, sweet potatoes, parsley, and spinach.
Alpha Lipoic Acid (Thioctic Acid)	Exact 100mg + Diabetex 70mg	340mg	1	1	Range: 300-600mg. Fat-soluble antioxidant that decreases free radical damage in nerve cells and acts an enzyme co-factor used in energy metabolism. May lower blood suger by improving utilization of glucose. Sources: healthy body makes enough, but diabetes causes deficiency; liver and yeast contain some but supplement needed. Jun01: Decreased from 150 to 100mg/day (dropped GlucoBalance). Jul01: Increased from 100 to 200mg/day. Jul20: Increased from 200 to 340mg/day (140mg from Diabetex)
Apple Cider Vinegar	Natures Harmony 500mg	500mg	-	1	Feb 13: Investigating possible benefit to Type 2 Diabetics. Promotes improved digestion, metabolism, and a balanced acid-alkaline environment in the body. Apr18: Started taking 500mg/day.
B1 (Thiamine)	multivit	50mg	-	-	Range: 50mg-8g. Enhances circulation and assists in blood formation, carbohydrate metabolism, and helps digestion. Sources: brewer's yeast, peas, beans, and whole grains.
B2 (Riboflavin)	multivit	50mg	-	-	Range: 50-400mg. Required for red blood cell formation, antibody production, cell resiration, and growth. Alleviates eye fatigue and is important in the prevention and treatment of cataracts. Helps in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Sources: brewer's yeast, calf liver, almonds, wheat germ, wild rice, and mushrooms.
B3 (Niacin, Nicotinic Acid, Niacinamide)	GNC Inositol Nicotinate (meso-inositol hexanicotinate) 186mg + multivit 10mg (niacin), 50mg (niacinamide)	432mg	1	1	Range: 250-500mg. Important for carbohydrate metabolism. High levels (1-4g) of Niacin helps to lower LDL and triglycerides, but may impair glucose tolerance and cause liver toxicity. Niacinamide helps lower blood glucose levels. Sources: seeds, yeast, bran, peanuts, wild rice, whole wheat, barley, almonds, and peas. Feb20: Added 400mg/day of Niacinamide. Apr14: For the past few days, I have been feeling very tingly and flushed immediately after taking my supplements, I discovered that I'd bought Niacin by mistake; today, I replaced the Niacin with Niacinamide and the problem has gone! Jun01: Replaced 100mg Swiss Niacinamide with lower-cost Equate (Walmart) 500mg; increased Niacin from 50 to 150mg. Sep08: Replaced Niacinamide and Niacin with Inositol Nicotinate (Niacin 186mg, Inositol 51mg)
B5 (Pantethine, Pantothenic Acid)	multivit	50mg	-	-	Range: 50-2000mg. Anti-stress vitamin. Aids vitamin utilization, helps to convert fats, carbohydrates, and proteins into energy. It is an essential element of coenzyme A, which is a vital chemical involved in many metabolic functions. Sources: brewer's yeast, calf liver, peanuts, mushrooms, soybeans, split peas, pecans, oatmeal, sunflower seeds, lentils, rye flour, cashews, other whole grains and nuts.
B6 (Pyridoxine)	multivit	50mg	-	-	Range: 50-100mg. Involved in many body functions; helps in absorption of fats and proteins; promotes red blood cell formation; needed for normal brain function and for the synthesis of RNA and DNA; activates many enzymes and helps with the absorption of B12. Sources: brewer's yeast, sunflower seeds, wheat germ, soybeans, walnuts, lentils, lima beans, bananas.
B12 (Cobalamin)	100mcg + multivit 100mcg	500mcg	2	2	Range: 500-1000mcg. Metformin may cause deficiency. Aids folic acid in regulating formation of red blood cells and the utilization of iron. Aids in cell formation and longevity. Required for proper digestion, absorption of foods, synthesis of protein, and the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. Sources: beef, liver, clams, lamb, sardines, chicken liver, beef kidney, calf liver, trout, salmon, tuna, eggs, whey, and cheese. Feb17: Increased from 50 to 550mcg/day. Mar08: Reduced from 550 to 50mcg/day. Jun01: Increased from 50 to 550mcg/day. Sep01: Reduced from 550 to 450mcg. Oct01: Increased from 450 to 500mcg
Betaine Hydrochloride	multivit	30mg	-	-	Range: 325-650mg. Source of hydrochloric acid that occurs naturally in the stomach. Helps us digest food by breaking up fats and proteins. Also aids in the absorption of nutrients through the walls of the intestines into the blood.
Bilberry Extract (Vaccinium myrtillus)	Equate (Walmart) 40mg + SuperVision 50mg	180mg	1	1	Range: 80-160mg, 3 times/day. Source of OPCs (Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins) which decrease blood glucose and triglycerides. Believed to stengthen retina connective tissue and decrease the leakiness and fragility of blood vessels in the eye. Feb17: Increased from 160 to 240mg/day. Feb25: Changed brand from Swiss to Natural Factors because of the use of a Bilberry powder base or Equate because of cost. Mar08: Reduced from 240mg to 80mg/day. Apr01: Increased from 80mg to 180mg/day (100mg from EyeFactors). Jul01: Replaced EyeFactors with SuperVision
Bioflavonoids (Vitamin P)	Quest Super C + multivit 25mg	1025mg	-	-	Range: 500-1000mg. Enhances absorption of Vitamin C and works with it to lower cholesterol levels. Includes Hesperidin and Rutin
Biotin	Now 1000mcg + multivit 50mcg	4.05mg	2	2	Range: 7-15mg. Promotes metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Biotin improves insulin sensitivity of cells and stimulates an enzyme called glucokinase which is involved in the utilization of glucose in the liver (mutated glucokinase cells are suspected as being a cause of Type 2 Diabetes). Sources: brewer's yeast, whole grains, nuts, egg yolks, sardines, legumes, liver, cauliflower, bananas, and mushrooms. Feb17: Increased from 550 to 1150mcg/day. May05: Increased from 1.15 to 1.75mg/day. Jun01: Increased from 1.75 to 2.95mg/day. Sep01: Increased from 2.95 to 4.05mg
Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia)	Diabetex 250mg	250mg	-	-	Range: 100-200mg, 3 times/day. Traditional use for diabetes in India, Africa, and Asia. Regular use lowers blood suger, urine suger, and HbA1c. Jun01: Dropped GlucoBalance. Jul20: Started Diabetex
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)	Quest Super C 500mg + multivit 150mg	2150mg	2	2	Range: 2000-4000mg. Ingredients: C-500mg; Citrus Bioflavonoids-250mg (Hesperidin-50mg; Rutin-50mg; Rosehip extract-50mg). Required for tissue growth and repair; needed for the metabolism of folic acid. Protects against infections and the harmful effects of pollution. May reduce cholesterol levels and high blood pressure. Sources: red chili peppers, sweet peppers, kale, parsley, broccoli, brussel sprouts, watercress, cauliflower, cabbage, strawberries, oranges. Jul01: Reduced from 2050 to 1050mg/day. Sep01: Increased from 1050 to 2050mg/day. Oct01: Increased from 2050 to 2150mg/day.
Calcium	Rexall 350mg + multivit 125mg	825mg	1	1	Range: 400-800mg. Calcium may lower cholesterol levels, lower blood pressure, provide energy, and participates in the protein structuring of RNA and DNA. Helps maintain cell membrane permeability. Involved in the activation of enzymes which break down fats for utilization in the body. Sources: milk, cheese, sardines, dark greens, nuts and seeds. Feb20: Increased from 175 to 875mg/day. Oct01: Reduced from 875 to 825mg/day.
Carnosine	Feb18: Investigating possible use	-	-	-	Range: 50-100mg. Carnosine is a dipeptide that contains the amino acids alinine and histidine. May promote wound healing, act as an antioxidant, and improve the immune system. It's most important action appears to be its anti-glycosylation effect. May be useful in treating or preventing diabetic complications such as cataract, neuropathy, and kidney failure. Sources: lean red meat and poultry.
Choline	multivit	50mg	-	-	Range: 425-550mg. Probably don't need to supplement; enough in food. Aids cholesterol and fat metabolism. Recently recognized as an essential nutrient. Choline is part of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which plays a major role in the brain. Sources: egg yolks, legumes, meat, milk, soybeans, and whole grains.
Chromium	Equate GTF 500mcg + Webber 200mcg + multivit 50mcg	500mcg	-	1/2	Range: 0.2-0.6mg. Essential trace element required for normal insulin functioning. For diabetics, may be most important trace element to supplement. Used to control blood glucose and cholesterol levels. Also promotes loss of fat and an increase in lean muscle tissue. Chromium deficiency produces diabetic symptoms. Possible adverse interaction with vanadium. Sources: brewer's yeast, calf liver, whole-wheat bread, wheat bran and germ, rye bread, green pepper, and apples. Apr01: Increased from 225mcg to 625mcg/day. Jun01: Reduced from 625mcg to 525mcg/day. Jul01: Decreased from 525 to 225mcg. Sep01: Increased from 225 to 475mcg. Oct01: Increased from 475 to 500mcg/day
Chromium Picolinate	Advanced Naturals 500mcg	-	-	-	Feb12: Dropped this form of chromium because of cell mutation evidence (see http://www.anndeweesallen.com/dal_ra01.htm)
Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone)	Natural Factors or Webber Naturals or Exact (manufactured for Loblaws/Sunfresh by Webber) 30mg	60mg	1	1	Range: 30-300mg. Central role in making energy from food. Indications that it can significantly reduce fasting blood glucose levels. Expensive! Sources: all foods, but best are salmon, sardines, beef, peanuts, and spinach; difficult to get therapeutic levels from food. Jul20: Increased from 60 to 120mg/day. Sep01: Reduced from 120 to 60mg/day (hadn't noticed any reduction in blood glucose level, so decided to return to a lower level)
Curcumin (Turmeric)	Organika 500mg	-	-	-	Feb13: Investigating possible benefits for Type 2 Diabetics
Vitamin D (D2-Ergocalciferol, D3-Cholecalciferol)	multivit	400iu	-	-	Range: 200-600iu. Required for the absorption and utilization of calcium and phosphorus within the intestinal tract. Sources: sunlight and cold-water fish, but usually insufficient.
Vitamin E	Quest or Now + Mixed Tocopherols, 400iu + multivit 100mg	900mg	1	1	Range: 200-800mg. Improves glucose metabolism and tolerance and reduces insulin requirements. Sources: polyunsaturated vegetable oils, seeds, nuts, and whole grains, but need to supplement to get therapeutic level. Mar16: Changed from Swiss to Quest 400mg. Reason? Lower price + mixed tocopherols (d-Alpha, d-Beta, d-Delta, d-Gamma)
EFA (Essential Fatty Acids, Vitamin F, polyunsaturates)	Swiss Omega Plus, Herbal Select Essential 3-6-9, or Natural Factors Omega Factors, 1200mg Sep16: Omega-3 from fish-oil (eg, salmon) may raise blood glucose levels & lower insulin production. Is this true for Omega-3 from vegetarian sources (eg, flaxseed)? Safe level for diabetics? 240mg GLA with 240mg EPA/DHA may be ideal levels and ratio	-	-	-	Range: 2-4g (3% of total calories). Ingredients: Borage Oil-400mg; Salmon Oil-400mg; Flax Oil-400mg; E-10iu (Omega-3: ALA-232mg, EPA-72mg, DHA-48mg; Omega-6: Linoleic acid -204mg, GLA-88mg; Omega-9: Oleic Acid-152mg). EFA can reduce blood pressure, lower cholesterol & triglyceride levels, aid transmission of nerve impules and are needed for the normal functioning of the brain. All cells need EFA for rebuilding and producing new cells. GLA is converted into prostaglandin E1; AA into prostaglandin E2, and EPA into prostaglandin E3. Omega-6 converted into GLA, DGLA, and AA forms which are converted into prostaglandin E1 which helps stabilize blood glucose and lower cholesterol levels. Omega-3 converted into SDA, EPA, and DHA forms which help with depression and reduce cholesterol and triglycerides. Ratio of 2:1:1 of GLA:EPA:DHA seems to be most effective. Diabetics may be unable to convert EFA properly. Low-levels of EFA may improve the action of insulin. Diabetics need GLA supplement because body can't make from linoleic acid found in many foods. Sources: salmon, flaxseed, borage oil, black current oil, evening primrose oil. Sep01: Stopped but increased Ultimate Oil Blend from 1 to 2 tbsp/day
Udo's Choice Ultimate Oil Blend	Flora 1tbsp=15mL: 135cals/ 14.5g fat/ 0.2g protein/ 0g carb	30mL	1	1	Range: 1tsp-2tbsp. Used as needed to balance Fat/Protein/Carb (1/2/3) meal ratio; typically, I use 1tbsp with breakfast and evening meal. Jul01: Replaced Flora Flaxseed Oil with Flora Ultimate Oil Blend (flax Oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, MCT, evening primrose oil, soy lecithin, rice bran & germ oils, oat bran & germ oils, rosemary extract, tocotrienol: blended to provide a 2:1:1 ratio of Omega 3, 6, & 9. 1tbsp: 9.5g polynsaturates, 7g linolenic acid, 2.95g linoleic acid, 2.95g monounsaturates .1.5g saturates, 0g cholesterol. Sep01: Increased from 1 to 2tbsp/day.
Energy Bars	Shoppers Drug Mart Life SuperBar; Interactive Nutrition SoyOne; Kraft Balance Bar; or Loblaws President's Choice Equalizer	-	-	-	I bought these bars locally and selected them on the basis of taste and their closeness to the Zone 1/2/3 fat/protein/carbohydrate profile. I occassionally use them to provide a convenient and nutritionally sound meal replacement. The kids love them too! SuperBar (Strawberry/Banana or Chocolate Mint): 193 cals, 5.7/14/22; SoyOne (Raspberry): 245 cals, 6.8/18/28; Balance (Raspberry): 200cals, 6/14/22; Equalizer (Raspberry or Blueberry): 198 cals, 5.8/11/25
Eyebright	SuperVision 200mg	200mg	-	-	Herb used as an eyewash and commonly believed, with little evidence, to stengthen eye and help body dissolve cataracts, heal lesions and conjunctivitis (pinkeye). Apr01: Added 200mg/day as part of EyeFactors. Jul01: Replaced EyeFactors with SuperVision
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum)	GlucoBalance or Diabetex 100mg	100mg	-	-	Range: 5-50g. Traditional Indian herbal remedy for diabetes; 15-25g of Fenugreek powder has been shown to reduce fasting blood glucose levels by 30%. Higher level needed to lower glucose levels, but current level may be effective in helping to lower LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Mar08: Reduced from 1600 to 100mg/day (dropped Swiss 500mg). Jun01: Dropped GlucoBalance. Jul20: Started Swiss 500mg and Diabetex. Sep01: Reduced from 1100 to 100mg (dropped Swiss) since no impact on blood glucose levels was noticed.
Folic Acid (Folate, Folacin)	Swiss or Jamieson 400mcg + multivit 0.8mg	0.8mg	-	-	Range: 0.4-0.8mg. Folic acid, a B vitamin, is considered a brain food and is needed for energy production and the formation of red blood cells. Deficiency is common. Strengthens immune system by supporting the proper formation and functioning of white blood cells. Functions as a coenzyme in DNA and RNA synthesis and is important for healthy cell division and replication. Involved in protein metabolism. Sources: dark greens, fruits, rice, brewer's yeast, beef liver, beans, soybeans. Apr01: Increased from 0.2mg to 0.6mg/day. Oct01: Increased from 0.6 to 0.8mg/day (from multivit; stopped Swiss/Jamieson 400mcg)
Food and Diet	Zone Diet & Fresh Start Metabolism Program	Goal: 1500 calories /day	-	-	My main meal targets are 15g fat / 30g protein / 45g carbohydrates (note the 1/2/3 ratio and that this equates to 30/30/40% calorie contribution ratios; using 1g fat=9 calories and 1g protein / carbohydrate=4 calories). I try to eat carbohydrates with a low glycemic index
Garlic	Quest Odourless Aged Garlic Extract 100mg	400mg	2	2	Maximum: 900mg. Lowers blood pressure and cholesterol, stimulates immune system, is a natural antibiotic, and aids food digestion.
Ginkgo Biloba	Webber or Exact 60mg + 60mg Diabetex	180mg	1	1	Range: 120-240mg. Enhances blood circulation and supply of oxygen throughout the body. Also acts as an antioxident, has anti-aging effects, and reduces blood pressure. Jun01: Reduced from 180 to 120mg/day (dropped GlucoBalance). Jul01: Increased from 120 to 460mg/day. Aug01: Reduced from 460 to 180mg. Oct21: A controversial report claims that Ginkgo Biloba contains Colchicine which has been linked to birth defects. It appears, however, that the researchers have screwed up because Ginkgo Biloba does not contain Colchicine! See http://www.newhope.com/ news.cfm?news=1037 and http://www.naturalproductsinsider.com/ hotnews/18h30155736.html. For the time being, until this confusion has been cleared up, it might be prudent for women who are pregnant or trying to conceive to avoid the use of Ginkgo Biloba.
Ginseng	Exact Siberian Ginseng 500mg	500mg	-	1	Range: 200-800mg, 2 weeks on/off. Traditional Chinese diabetes treatment. Helps lower fasting blood glucose and body weight. Decreases cortisol level, which can interfere with insulin function. Increases use of fatty acids as an energy source which decreases release of glycogen stored in the liver and muscle cells. Low dose may raise blood pressure while a high one may decrease. Mar08: Stopped until Mar22. Apr01: Stopped. Jun01: Started again! Jul01: Stopped until Jul28. Aug01: Started Siberian Ginseng
Glucosol	OptioHealth 24mg	48mg	1	1	Range: 16-48mg. Glucosol is a standardized plant extract from the leaves of the Banaba plant (Lagerstroemia speciosa). Helps promote normal blood glucose metabolism. Specifically, the active marker compound of Glucosol, corosolic acid, has been shown to help maintain normal transport of blood glucose into cells. 1999 clinical studies by Dr. William Judy showed significant benefits of Glucosol when taken daily for 30 days at 32 and 48mg per day. Feb17: Investigating as possible addition to supplement list. Ordered from OptioHealth. Feb27: Received Glucosol. Mar03: Started Glucosol. Mar08: Blood glucose levels have dropped by about 20%
Glutathione (GSH)	Organika "Reduced" 50mg	100mg	1	1	Feb18: Investigating possible benefits for Type 2 Diabetics. May05: Glutathione (GSH) is probably the body�s most important antioxidant, especially for the eyes. Direct GSH supplementation may not work; need to support the body�s own GSH synthesis by supplementing with Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E. Sep08: Since I already had some, started 100mg/day in an attempt to raise GSH levels while reducing use of Paxil. Diabetic condition may deplete GSH level and a low level may even be a contributing factor in the onset of diabetes, ongoing difficulty in controlling blood glucose levels, and in the development of complications. High-bioavailable Whey protein (for example, Immunocal and Gluta Syn) has been shown to stimulate GSH synthesis.
Grape Seed Extract (OPC, PCO)	Equate (Walmart) Plus or Webber 50mg	200mg	2	2	Range: 100-300mg. Helpful for kidneys. Like Bilberry, appears to decrease leakiness and fragility of capillaries by strengthening and repairing connective tissues. Feb17: Increased from 100 to 200mg/day when stopped Pycnogenol. Mar08: Reduced from 200 to 100mg/day. Apr01: Increased from 100mg to 200mg/day
Green Barley	Organika	14g	1tbsp	-	Mixed in 250mL (8oz) of tomatoe juice. Green barley contains thousands of enzymes which play vital roles in digestion, tissue reparation, and detoxifying organs such as the lungs, colon, and kidneys; it also contains a high concentration of Manganese which plays an important role as part of the natural antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), which helps fight damaging free radicals and helps energy and blood glucose control. The SOD enzyme revitalizes cells and reduces their rate of destruction; SOD also neutalizes the most common free radical superoxide. Age and diabetes decreases the amount of SOD in the body. Tomatoe juice contains the phytochemical lycopene, which has been shown to reduce the risk or prostate cancer by as much 40%. Apr01: Hadn't been taking in pm, so adjusted dosage indication.
Gymnema Sylvestre (Gurmar)	260mg Diabetex	260mg	-	-	Range: 400-600mg. Indian herbal treatment for diabetes. At 400mg level, shown to stimulate pancreatic release of insulin, lower blood suger levels and HbA1c, and lower cholesterol and triglycerides. Feb 12: started; will watch blood suger levels over the next week to determine impact. Apr01: No significant impact noticed. Jun01: Stopped GlucoBalance. Aug01: Started Diabetex
Iodine (Iodide)	multivit	100mcg	-	-	Range: 150-200mcg. Thyroid gland needs iodine to make the thyroid hormone which maintains normal metabolism in all body cells. It also helps metabolize excess fat.
Inositol (B8)	Inositol Nicotinate 102mg + multivit 50mg	152mg	-	-	Range: 50-100mg. Helps reduce cholesterol levels, prevent hardening of arteries, helps remove fats from liver, aids in the formation of lecithin and the metabolism of fat and cholesterol. Sources: nuts, seeds, beans, whole grains, cantaloupe, and citrus fruits provide phytic acid which releases inositol in the digestive tract.
Iron	multivit	10mg	-	-	Range: 10-15mg. Needed in the formation of hemoglobin and myoglobin and the oxygenation of red blood cells. Iron is also required for a healthy immune system and energy production. Sources: oysters, meat, poultry, fish, whole grains, dark greens, legumes, egg yolks, nuts, seeds, kelp.
Lecithin	Rexall or Spring Valley 515mg	1030mg	1	1	Range: 350-900mg, 3 times/day. Needed by all cells. Cell membranes which regulate the passage of nutrients into and out of cells, are largely lecithin. Lecithin improves brain function and enables fats, such as cholesterol and other lipids, to be dispersed and removed from the body. Aids in the digestion of fats and the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Feb20: Increased from 6 to 1030mg/day.
Lutein	EyeFactors or SuperVision 80mg	80mg	-	-	Range: 6-30mg. May help protect our eyes and eyesight by acting as a natural sunblock and by neutralizing free radicals that can damage the eye. May help prevent Cataracts. Apr01: Added 80mg/day. Jul01: Replace EyeFactors with SuperVision
Magnesium	Natural Factors 125mg + 75mg multivit	200mg	-	1	Range: 100-600mg. Transports glucose to cells; regulates how we use food for energy; required for production and release of insulin. Deficiency fairly common. Possible kidney-related problems at levels above 200mg. Sources: kelp, wheat bran, wheat germ, almonds, cashews, brewer's yeast, whole grains, cheddar cheese, sunflower seeds. Apr01: Reduced from 225mg to 200mg/day.
Manganese	multivit	5mg	-	-	Range: 3-6mg. Required for protein and fat metabolism and blood glucose regulation. Plays a particularly important role as part of the natural antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). Sources: whole grains, legumes, grape juice, egg yolks, blueberries, peas.
Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum)	Sundown Milk Thistle Complex 240mg or Quest Milk Thistle Extraxt Formula 960mg	240mg	-	-	Range: 70-560mg. Phytochemicals (known as silymarin) from Milk Thistle may prevent damage to, and help heal, the pancreas. Also protects kidneys and liver and stimulates production of new liver cells. Apr01: Started. Jul01: Reduced from 500 to 240mg/day (as part of Milk Thistle Complex).
NAC (N-acetyl cysteine)	May05: Not needed	-	-	-	Range: 250-1500mg/day. NAC increases synthesis of glutathione, possibly the body's most important antioxidant. May05: Investigating possible supplemention benefit. My research indicates that NAC may inactivate insulin; I have concluded that diabetics shouldn't use NAC or the related Cysteine and Cystine directly but rely on the body to syntheze glutathione with the aid of a high-bioavailable Whey protein supplement.
PABA (Para-aminobenzoic acid)	multivit	50mg	-	-	Range: 50-400mg. PABA is a basic constituent of folic acid. It acts as a coenzyme in the breakdown and utilization of protein, and assists in the formation of red blood cells. Sources: whole grains and meat.
Papain (Bromelain, Chymotrypsin, Pancreatin, Trysin)	multivit	25mg	-	-	Helps in the digestion of proteins. May help in reducing symptoms of food allergies. May also help with "leaky gut" problems.
Potassium	multivit	50mg	-	-	Range: 200-1200mg. Helps regulate the transfer of nutrients through cell membranes. Probably don't need to increase dosage; diet adds sufficient. Sources: dairy products, fish, fruit, legumes, meats, poultry, vegetables, whole grains.
Protein	Sisu Body Elite Whey Protein Isolate-unsweet. (30g: 114cal, 0.3g fat / 26.4g protein / 1.5g carb); Interactive Nutrition IsoWhey-unsweetened, or Complete Vegetarian To ensure high absorption, use a Whey protein isolate; ie, don't use a concentrate	-	-	-	Used as needed to balance Fat/Protein/Carb (1/2/3) ratio. Always eat about 100g protein/day. If you have kidney problems, you may have to limit your protein intake based on weight (0.25g/lb) to about 20-60g/day; however, if you keep your blood glucose levels within 4-7mmol/L (72-126mg/dL) you needn't be too concerned about how protein affects your kidneys. For other reasons, limit your protein to about 100g/day. Some indications that a Whey protein isolate may be the best supplement choice for boosting your immune system, especially for promoting GSH synthesis.
Quercetin	EyeFactors or SuperVision 50mg	50mg	-	-	Range: 200-400mg, 3 times/day. A natural antioxidant found in red wine, Quercetin is a bioflavonoid that protects cells against damage by free radicals. Blocks accumulation of sorbitol which damages eyes, nerves and kidneys. May also help prevent cataracts and a wide range of viruses from infecting cells. Sources: red wine, apples, onions. Apr01: Added 50mg/day. Jul01: Replaced EyeFactors with SuperVision
Selenium	Swiss 100mcg + 50mg multivit	250mcg	1	1	Range: 100-200mcg. Inhibits the oxidation of fats. Needed for pancreatic function and tissue elasticity. Protects immune system by preventing formation of free radicals; may help protect heart, liver and kidneys; may also help prevent prostate cancer. Sources: brewer's yeast, brazil nuts, broccoli, brown rice, chicken, dairy products, kelp, liver, onions, salmon, tuna, vegetables, whole grains. Apr01: Increased from 125mcg to 175mcg/day. May 05: Increased from 175 to 225mg/day. Oct01: Increaed from 225 to 250mcg/day (25mg more in new multivit)
Stevia	Now Foods Stevia Extract, 100, 1g packets Grow your own Stevia: you can order plants or seeds from Richters	-	-	-	Ingredients: Rice Maltodextrin, Stevia Rebaudiana Extract (stevioside), and Silica. Mar10: Purchased this "dietary supplement" for use instead of artificial sweeteners. There are indications that the daily use of 20-30 drops of water-based whole-leaf Stevia concentrate with meals helps regulate blood glucose levels. I plan to investigate the therapeutic uses of Stevia further. Apr01: Like most artificial sweetners, I find Stevia very sweet and I've been unable to find out how much Maltodextrin per packet it contains; it seems that Maltodextrin can increase your insulin levels, so wouldn't recommend this Stevia combination; look for a Stevia-only product and one based on the whole leaf. Perhaps even grow your own!
Vanadium	Webber Chromium & Vanadium 25mcg + multivit 100mcg	150mcg	-	-	Range: 10-30mcg. Vanadium is a trace mineral that was used to treat diabetes before discovery of insulin. Deficiency linked to kidney disease. May be helpful in controlling blood glucose. May have adverse interaction with chromium; take at different times? Sources: oats, olive oil, sunflower seeds, corn, green beans, carrots. Jun01: Dropped. Aug01: Started Webber. Oct01: Increased from 50 to 150mcg (100mcg in new multivit)
Water	Culligan Aqua Cleer Reverse Osmosis System	2000mL	-	-	I'm currently drinking about 4 x 500mL of water/day filtered by an undercounter reverse osmosis system. Currently investigating claimed benefits of charging water with tachyon energy.
Zinc	multivit	10mg	-	-	Range: 15-30mg. Needed for protein synthesis. It is a part of insulin and many vital enzymes, including SOD. Sources: oysters, seeds, nuts, peas, whole wheat, rye, oats.
Online sources: see webMD, Natural Pharmacist, vitamins, minerals, or herbs. Printed sources: Natural Treatments for Diabetes, Kathi Head, ND; The Age-Free Zone, Barry Sears, PhD; The Super Anti-oxidants, James F. Balch, MD; Prescription for Nutritional Healing: A-to-Z Guide to Supplements, James & Phyllis Balch.