Diabetes Type 2: Supplements

Supplement (click on for details)	Source	Dosage			Notes (supplements taken before breakfast & dinner)
Supplement (click on for details)	Source	Total	am	pm	Notes (supplements taken before breakfast & dinner)
Metformin (Glucophage)	500mg pill	1000	1	1	Range: 500-3000mg. Metformin is a biguanide oral agent that lowers blood glocose by preventing the liver from overproducing glucose and lowers the insulin resistance of muscle and fat cells so that they can assimulate insulin better. Metformin also reduces the amount of fat and cholesterol (blood lipids) produced by the liver. Weight loss is associated with larger dosages of Metformin. Side effects: short-term nausea and diarrhea. May cause lactic acidosis (symptoms-very weak or tired, unusual muscle pain or stomach discomfort). Jan0501: reduced from 1000mg to 500mg. Jan1402: Stopped to see if there is any impact on blood glucose control. Feb1502: Started again at 1000mg/day. Jun02: I've discovered that taking one pill just before bedtime (usually around 10:30pm) helps to lower my morning fasting level (from around 8 to under 7mmol/L)
Inhibace (Cilazapril)	5mg pill	10mg	1	1	Prescribed as an ACE inhibitor to help improve the efficiency of my kidneys. Usually prescribed, however, to lower blood pressure. Increased risk of potassium levels in the body becoming too high, or increased effect of insulin on control of blood glucose. Symptoms of too much potassium: confusion; irregular heartbeat; nervousness; numbness or tingling in hands, feet, or lips; shortness of breath or difficulty breathing; weakness or heaviness of legs. Mar1501: On advice of MD, increased from 5 to 10mg/day. Jul-Aug01: Had reduced from 10 to 5mg/day by mistake. Sep0101: Increased from 5 to 10mg/day.
Actos (Pioglitazone Hydrochloride)	15mg pill May1502: Learned today, from USA sources, that I shouldn't have stopped Metformin when I started Actos; this is in direct contradiction to the Health Canada advice. I'm considering starting Actos again in combination with Metformin and minimizing my use of Starlix. Why? I think that Actos addresses a root cause of diabetes: insulin sensitivity oof cells. I'm also uncomfortable about using Starlix to stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin	-	-	-	Range: 15-45mg/day. Actos is in the class of insulin sensitising diabetes agents known as thiazolidinediones (TZDs). TZDs include: Troglitazone (Rezulin) which was withdrawn in March 2000 because it was linked to liver dysfunction; rosiglitazone (Avandia); and pioglitazone (Actos). TZDs help sensitize fat and muscle cells to the action of the body's own natural insulin. They only work if insulin is present. Actos is taken once/day with or without food to improve glycemic control. Health Canada advises that Actos should not be used in combination with sulfonylureas, metformin, or insulin. Takes 2-4 weeks to work. Possible side effects: minor upper respiratory tract infection, headache, sinusitis, muscle pain, tooth disorder and sore throat; major allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of throat; swelling of lips, tongue, or face; hives); nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain or loss of appetite; unusual fatigue; yellow skin or eyes; dark urine. May also cause weight gain. Cautions: Liver function should be tested every two months during first year. Thiazolidinediones (including Actos) can cause fluid retention which can lead to congestive heart failure (CHF). Actos should be discontinued if you develop signs of possible heart failure (fluid retention or swelling [edema], shortness of breath, weakness, fatigue, or excessive weight gain). Jan1402: Considering replacing, or combining with, Metformin because of the observed Actos effect of lowering triglyceride (23%) and increasing HDL levels (13%), both of which I need to improve. Some studies indicate that drugs (chlorpropramide, glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride, tolbutamide, repaglinide [Prandin] and nateglinide[Starlix]) that target the pancreas should be used first. Alternatively, drugs that target the liver (Metformin) could be used first. Jan2202: Started at 30mg/day (15mg AM & PM). Jan2802: Reduced to 15mg/day. Feb1502: Stopped. Had been experiencing severe headaches and my blood glucose levels were varying more widely; in fact, on Feb602 I had the highest reading (14.0) along with a Ketones warning that I've had in the past 12 months! Changed back to Metformin.
Starlix (Nateglinide)	120mg pill Since Starlix is stimulating the release of insulin, I'm concerned about the possible earlier burnout of my pancreas. I'm still investigating if this is a real risk. I also find myself wondering about the use of D-phenylalanine for depression and any connection with stress, high blood glucose levels, and diabetes.	240mg	-	-	Range: 60-120mg taken 1 to 30 minutes before a meal. Can be used in combination with Metformin. Possible side effects: abdominal pain, digestion problems, diarrhea, headaches, and respiratory infections. One of the early signs of diabetes seems to be the loss of the ability of the pancreas to release insulin fast enough to counter the rise of glucose within the bloodstream. Starlix is a derivative of the amino acid D-phenylalanine (which is converted to Phenylethylamine in the body) that normalizes post-meal glucose spikes by stimulating the early release of insulin by the beta cells of the pancreas by interacting with the ATP-sensitive potassium (K+ATP) channel on these cells. The extent of insulin release is glucose dependent, and diminishes at low glucose levels. Starlix stimulates insulin secretion within 20 minutes and is totally absorbed within 1 hour; it is bound (98%) to serum proteins, primarily serum albumin. Apr1502: Started taking on advice of new endocrinologist. I usually take one pill immediately before lunch and dinner (it doesn't seem to have any effect after breakfast). It is working; typically, my after-meal blood glucose level is reduced from 9 to 7 mmol/L (162 to 126 mg/dL). In addition, my June 2002 HbA1 was 5.7% (down from 6.2% in March 2002) which I attribute directly to the use of Starlix.
Paxil (Paroxetine)	20mg pill Sep08: Some indication that Paxil may reduce Glutathione (GSH) levels within cells which may be a contributing factor to the onset of Type 2 Diabetes. Ongoing use of Paxil, or any other SRRI, may make it difficult to control blood glucose levels Should Paxil be prescribed for diabetics or those at high risk? What about other SSRIs?	-	-	-	Range: 10-60mg. Prescribed to treat mood swings in June 2000. Paxil belongs to a group of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). These medicines are thought to work by increasing the activity of the chemical serotonin in the brain. Takes a few weeks to work, can be very addictive, and should be stopped by reducing dose by 10%/week while supplementing with a high-bioavailable Whey Isolate protein such as Immunocal/HMS90. Side effects (experienced by me): decreased sexual desire; delayed ejaculation; increased sweating; trouble in sleeping; unusual tiredness and weakness. Withdrawal symptoms (experienced by me): easily agitated; dizziness and lightheadedness; headaches; inability to focus and concentrate; and inexplicable emotional outbursts. Feb0101: Reduced from 20mg to 10mg. Feb1201: Stopped. Experienced withdrawal symptoms listed above. Feb1601: Started again at 20mg/day. Sep0801: Reduced to 10mg/day (1/2 pill) while increasing ingestion of Whey protein from 20 to 40mg/day. Sep2901: Reduced to 10mg (1/2 pill) every other day. Oct0801: Stopped. For more details on my Paxil withdrawal experiences, see the Glutathione section in my CureMe research notes. Nov0101: Since I'm still easily agitated and experiencing inexplicable emotional outbursts, I started using St. John's Wort and Kava. Apr02: I stopped taking St. John's Wort and Kava in because they were not working for me
Serzone (Nefazodome)	150mg pill This SSRI also made it more difficult to control my blood glucose levels	-	-	-	Range: 300-600mg. Prescribed to treat severe depression experienced during Mar-Apr 2002. Symptoms: concentration and focus problems, lack of energy, insomnia, irritability, nervousness. Apr0802: Started at 50mg twice/day. Some lightheadiness, nausea, and weakness experienced after 4 days which went away after 2 days. Apr1502: Increased to 100mg twice/day. Apr2602: No change in symptoms, increased to 150mg twice/day. May0502: Experiencing headaches, feelings of dizziness, nausea, and tiredness throughout the day (somnolence). I recently become aware of the Serzone manufacturer warning that the use of Serzone increases the risk of liver faiture by 3-4 times. Also noticing increased difficulty in maintaining good blood glucose control. Beginning to look like I will have to try a different drug; I'm investigating the possible use of Manerix (Moclobemide) or Wellbutrin-SR (Bupropion). My MD has also referred me to a psychiatrist. May0702: Stopped
Manerix (Moclobemide)	150mg pill	300mg	-	-	Range: 150 to 300mg twice/day after meals. Prescribed to treat depression in May 2002. Manerix is a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor-type A (RIMA). It acts by inhibiting monoamine oxidases, enzymes that break down noradrenaline and serotonin, and increases the activity of these neurotransmitters in the brain. Possible side effects: insomnia, tremor, anxiety, nausea, diarrhea, low blood pressure, fast heart rate and palpitations, sweating, blurred vision. Note: Because Manerix also inhibits enzymes that break down certain other chemicals (especially tyramine) may cause minor reaction, as opposed severe for MAOIs, with food and beverages containing tyramine (eg, cheese and wine). Pay attention to abnormal headaches, palpitations, neck stiffness, extremely fast or slow heart rate or other unusual symptoms. May2102: Started at 150mg twice/day. Jun02: Working for me with minimal side-effects and it doesn't affect my blood glucose levels; after being off for 2 months, I returned to work on June 10, 2002. Dec1402: Stopped. Jan1103: Due to recurrence of depression symptoms started again. Sep04: Stopped
Viagra (Sildenafil Citrate)	100mg pill	100mg	-	-	Range: 25 to 100mg once/day taken 30 minutes before sexual activity; effective for up to 4 hours. Prescribed to treat erectile dysfunction which is a common problem for diabetic men. Helps men to get and keep an erection, firm enough for penetration, when they are sexually stimulated. Possible side effects: headache, flushing of the face, and upset stomach. Less common: temporary changes in color vision, more sensitivity to light, or blurred vision. Rare: an erection that lasts many hours; call your doctor! April2004: Initially, my insurance would not cover the cost; however, after my MD completed an insurance drug exception form, I'm now covered up to C$1200/year. Works for me but my face does flush and I can get severe headaches!
Cialis (Tadalafil)	20mg pill	20mg	-	-	Range: 5 to 20mg once/ 3 days taken 30 minutes before sexual activity; effective for up to 36 hours. Prescribed to treat erectile dysfunction which is a common problem for diabetic men. Helps men to get and keep an erection, firm enough for penetration, when they are sexually stimulated. Possible side effects: headache, indigestion, back pain, muscle aches, flushing, and stuffy or runny nose. Uncommon: vision changes, such as seeing a blue tinge to objects or having difficulty telling the difference between the colors blue and green; or an erection that lasts for more than 4 hours (priapism), call your doctor! May0502: Covered up to C$1200/year after my MD completed an insurance drug exception form. Works for me but takes more stimulation and erections are not as firm as those with Viagra. Effects seem to last about 3 days. I haven't noticed any side-effects.
Aspirin	81mg pill	81mg	1	-	Heart disease is the major cause of death for people with diabetes. People with diabetes are 2 to 4 times more likely to develop heart disease than non-diabetics. Risk factors: diabetes, smoking, high cholesterol, low HDL, overweight, hypertension, age. Aspirin can reduce risk of heart attack and stroke by about 25%. Symptoms: shortness of breath; feeling faint or dizzy; sweating; pain in shoulders, jaw and left arm; pressure or pain in chest; nausea. If you experience any of these symptoms, don't take any chances see your MD or go to hospital immediately (50% of deaths related to heart disease occur within 1 hour). With your MDs approval, low-dose aspirin therapy is a primary prevention method for men and women with diabetes and who are over the age of 30. Another primary prevention method is a 45-minute walk at least three times/week. Never use Ibuprofin with aspirin. Jan1802: Started
Multivitamin May be of benefit, see Effect of a Multivitamin and Mineral Supplement on Infection and Quality of Life A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial, Thomas A. Barringer, et al, Annals of Internal Medicine, 4 March 2003 Vol. 138 No. 5, pp. 365–371	GNC Ultra Mega Gold time-release Other multivits to consider: Now True Balance; TheraNutria Glucovite (see Jul01). July 2003: Changed from GNC multivit (because of the high-level of vitamin A present; see the CSPI report on multivitamins) to Centrum Protegra	-	1	1	Dec0101: Started GNC Mega Gold. Jul03: Changed to Centrum Protegra
Burdock & Dandelion	Quest formula Feb13: Investigating possible benefits for Type 2 Diabetics	-	-	-	Ingredients: Burdock Root-90mg; Dandelion Root-90mg; Oregon Grape Root-90mg; Red Clover Blossoms-90mg; Echinacea Angustifolio Root-30mg; Yellow Dock Root-30mg; Cayenne-20mg; Kelp-20mg; Licorice Root-5mg
Chromium & Vanadium	Webber or Natural Factors 125mcg	-	-	-	Ingredients: Chromium GTF-100mcg; Vanadium-25mcg. Jun01: Dropped but increased Chromium dosage. Sep01: Started again (Webber). Nov01: Plan to drop and use only Chromium GTF when I run out. Why? Possible adverse interaction between Chromium and Vanadium. May1502: Stopped
Diabetex or GlucoBalance	Webber or Natural Factors Also consider SISU Balance or Thorne Diabinil (see Jul01)	-	-	-	Ingredients: Gymnema Sylvestre-130mg, Bitter Melon-125mg, Alpha Lipoic Acid-70mg, Fenugreek-50mg, Ginkgo Biloba-30mg. Jul20: Started (cost warranted because of inclusion of Alpha Lipoic Acid and Ginkgo Biloba, other stuff is a free bonus). Jan0102: Stopped (cost)
EyeFactors or SuperVision	Natural Factors or Webber Also consider Progressive Research Labs Diabetic Nutrition and Vision Nutrition	-	-	-	Ingredients: Eyebright (4:1)-100mg, Bilberry (5:1)-50mg, FloraGlo Lutein-40mg, multi-anthocyanidinis-15mg, Carrot Juice Powder-25mg, Rutin-25mg, Quercetin-25mg. Apr01: Started. Jul01: Replaced EyeFactors with SuperVision. May1502: Stopped (cost)
Saw Palmetto Formula	Quest	-	-	-	Ingredients: Saw Palmetto-110mg; Corn Silk-110mg; Pumpkin Seed-90mg; Parsley Leaf-55mg; Buchu Leaf-35mg; Cayenne-35mg; Kelp-35mg. Jan04: Stopped (cost)
Milk Thistle Extract Formula	Quest	-	-	-	Ingredients: Milk Thistle-2100mg, Burdock-155mg, Dandelion-155mg, Licorice-40mg, Wild Yam Root-60mg
Vitamin A	multivit	1,000iu	-	-	Maximum: 1,000iu. Necessary for new cell growth, slows the aging process, essential for utilization of protein. Deficiency symptoms: allergies, appetite loss, skin blemishes, dry hair, fatigue, itching/burning eyes, loss of smell, night blindness, rough dry skin, sinus trouble, soft tooth enamel, susceptibility to infections. Sources: liver, dairy products, carrots, kale, sweet potatoes, parsley, and spinach. Dec01: Increased A from 2500 to 10,000iu. Jul03: Decreased to 1,000iu (new multivit)
Beta Carotene	multivit	10,000iu	-	-	Maximum: 10,000iu. Some indications that Diabetics may have problems in using Beta Carotene. Dec01: Stopped Beta Carotene (none in GNC multivit). Jul03: Increased to 10,000iu (new multivit)
Alpha Lipoic Acid (Thioctic Acid)	100mg + Diabetex/GlucoBalance 70mg	-	-	-	Range: 300-600mg. Fat-soluble antioxidant that decreases free radical damage in nerve cells and acts an enzyme co-factor used in energy metabolism. May lower blood suger by improving utilization of glucose. Sources: healthy body makes enough, but diabetes causes deficiency; liver and yeast contain some but supplement needed. Jun01: Decreased from 150 to 100mg/day (dropped GlucoBalance). Jul01: Increased from 100 to 200mg/day. Jul20: Increased from 200 to 340mg/day (140mg from Diabetex / GlucoBalance). Jan0102: Reduced from 340 to 200mg/day (stopped GlucoBalance). May1502: Stopped (cost)
B1 (Thiamine)	multivit	2.3mg	-	-	Range: 50mg-8g. Enhances circulation and assists in blood formation, carbohydrate metabolism, and helps digestion. Deficiency symptoms: appetite loss, digestive disturbances, fatigue, irritability, nervousness, numbness of hands & feet, pain & noise sensistivity, pains around heart, shortness of breath. Sources: brewer's yeast, peas, beans, and whole grains. Dec01: Increased from 50 to 100mg (new multivit). Jul03: Decreased from 100 to 2.3mg (new multivit)
B2 (Riboflavin)	multivit	3.2mg	-	-	Range: 50-400mg. Required for red blood cell formation, antibody production, cell restoration, and growth. Alleviates eye fatigue and is important in the prevention and treatment of cataracts. Helps in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Deficiency symptoms: cataracts, cracks & sores in corner of mouth, dizziness, itchy burning eyes, poor digestion, red sore tongue. Sources: brewer's yeast, calf liver, almonds, wheat germ, wild rice, and mushrooms. Dec01: Increased from 50 to 100mg (new multivit). Jul03: Decreased from 100 to 3.2mg (new multivit)
B3-Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)	GNC Inositol Nicotinate 372mg	372mg	-	-	Range: 250-500mg. Important for carbohydrate metabolism. High levels (1-4g) of Niacin helps to lower LDL and triglycerides, but may impair glucose tolerance and cause liver toxicity. Niacin deficiency is rare because body can make from essential amino acid tryptophan found in protein foods (milk and turkey are excellent sources). Deficiency symptoms: appetite loss, canker sores, depression, fatigue, halitosis, headaches, indigestion, insomnia, muscular weakness, nausea, nervous disorders, skin eruptions. Sources: seeds, yeast, bran, peanuts, wild rice, whole wheat, barley, almonds, and peas. Jun01: Increased Niacin from 50 to 150mg. Sep08: Replaced Niacinamide & Niacin with Inositol Nicotinate (Niacin 186mg, Inositol 51mg). Dec01: Decreased from 382 to 372mg (new multivit has none). Jan04: Stopped (cost)
B3-Niacinamide (Nicotinamide)	multivit	15mg	-	-	Range: 250-500mg. Important for carbohydrate metabolism. Niacinamide helps lower blood glucose levels. Feb20: Added 400mg/day of Niacinamide. Apr14: For the past few days, I have been feeling very tingly and flushed immediately after taking my supplements, I discovered that I'd bought Niacin by mistake; today, I replaced the Niacin with Niacinamide and the problem has gone! Jun01: Replaced 100mg Swiss Niacinamide with lower-cost Equate (Walmart) 500mg. Sep08: Replaced Niacinamide & Niacin with Inositol Nicotinate. Dec01: Investigating possibility that high level of Niacinamide could cause an increase rather than a decrease in triglycerides. Increased from 50 to 100mg (new multivit has more). Jul03: Decreased from 100 to 15mg (new multivit)
B5 (Pantethine, Pantothenic Acid)	multivit	10mg	-	-	Range: 50-2000mg. Anti-stress vitamin. Aids vitamin utilization, helps to convert carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into energy. It is an essential element of coenzyme A, which is a vital chemical involved in many metabolic functions. Deficiency symptoms: diarrhea, duodenal ulcers, eczema, hypoglcemia, intestinal disorders, kidney trouble, hair loss, muscle cramps, premature aging, respiratory infections, restlessness, nerve problems, sore feet, vomiting. Sources: brewer's yeast, calf liver, peanuts, mushrooms, soybeans, split peas, pecans, oatmeal, sunflower seeds, lentils, rye flour, cashews, other whole grains and nuts. Dec01: Increased from 50 to 100mg (new multivit has more). Jul03: Decreased from 100 to 10mg (new multivit)
B6 (Pyridoxine)	multivit + 50mg	110mg	1	1	Range: 50-100mg. Involved in many body functions; helps in absorption of fats and proteins; promotes red blood cell formation; needed for normal brain function and for the synthesis of RNA and DNA; activates many enzymes and helps with the absorption of B12. Deficiency symptoms: acne, anemia arthritis, depression, dizziness, hair loss, irritability, learning disabilities, weakness. Sources: brewer's yeast, sunflower seeds, wheat germ, soybeans, walnuts, lentils, lima beans, bananas. Dec01: Increased from 50 to 100mg (new multivit). Jul03: Decreased from 100 to 10mg (new multivit). Sep04: Increased from 10 to 110mg.
B12 (Cobalamin)	500mcg	1mg	1	1	Range: 500-1000mcg. Metformin may cause deficiency. Aids folic acid in regulating formation of red blood cells and the utilization of iron. Aids in cell formation and longevity. Required for proper digestion, absorption of foods, synthesis of proteins, and the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. Deficiency symptoms: general weakness, nervousness, pernicious anemia, walking and speaking difficulties. Sources: beef, liver, clams, lamb, sardines, chicken liver, beef kidney, calf liver, trout, salmon, tuna, eggs, whey, and cheese. Feb17: Increased from 50 to 550mcg/day. Mar08: Reduced from 550 to 50mcg/day. Jun01: Increased from 50 to 550mcg/day. Sep01: Reduced from 550 to 450mcg. Oct01: Increased from 450 to 500mcg. Dec01: Decreased from 500 to 400mcg (none in new multivit). Jan02: Increased from 400 to 1000mcg/day. Jan04: stopped (cost). Sep04: Started again.
Betaine Hydrochloride (Hydrochloric Acid-HCl)	multivit	-	-	-	Range: 325-650mg. Source of hydrochloric acid that occurs naturally in the stomach. Helps us digest food by breaking up fats and proteins. Also aids in the absorption of nutrients through the walls of the intestines into the blood. Dec01: Decreased from 30mg to 100mcg (new multivit). Jul03: Decreased from 110 to 0mcg (new multivit)
Bilberry Extract (Vaccinium Myrtillus)	Equate (Walmart) 40mg + SuperVision/EyeFactors 50mg	-	-	-	Range: 80-160mg, 3 times/day. Source of OPCs (Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins) which decrease blood glucose and triglycerides. Believed to stengthen retina connective tissue and decrease the leakiness and fragility of blood vessels in the eye. Feb17: Increased from 160 to 240mg/day. Feb25: Changed brand from Swiss to Natural Factors because of the use of a Bilberry powder base or Equate because of cost. Mar08: Reduced from 240mg to 80mg/day. Apr01: Increased from 80mg to 180mg/day (100mg from EyeFactors). Jul01: Replaced EyeFactors with SuperVision. May1502: Stopped (cost)
Bioflavonoids (Vitamin P)	Quest Super C 250mg + Quest C 100mg + Quest Ester C 50mg + multivit 200mcg	600mg	-	-	Range: 500-1000mg. Enhances absorption of Vitamin C and works with it to lower cholesterol levels. Includes Hesperidin and Rutin. Mar1502: Reduced from 1000 to 500mg/day. May2102: Increased from 500 to 1000mg/day (to counteract those lost by stopping Grape Seed Extract & Bilberry). Oct02: Reduced from 1000 to 600mg when added 1000mg Grape Seed (from Quest Ester-C). Jan04: Stopped (cost)
Biotin	Now 1000mcg + multivit 45mcg	45mcg	-	-	Range: 7-15mg. Promotes metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Biotin improves insulin sensitivity of cells and stimulates an enzyme called glucokinase which is involved in the utilization of glucose in the liver (mutated glucokinase cells are suspected as being a cause of Type 2 Diabetes). Deficiency symptoms: depression, dry skin, fatigue, grayish skin color, insomia, muscular pain, poor appetite. Sources: brewer's yeast, whole grains, nuts, egg yolks, sardines, legumes, liver, cauliflower, bananas, and mushrooms. Feb17: Increased from 550 to 1150mcg/day. May05: Increased from 1.15 to 1.75mg/day. Jun01: Increased from 1.75 to 2.95mg/day. Sep01: Increased from 2.95 to 4.05mg. Dec01: Increased from 4.05 to 4.15mg (new multivit). Jan0102: Stopped. Mar1502: Increased from 100 to 2100mcg/day. May1502: Reduced from 2100 to 100mcg (cost). Jul03: Reduced from 100 to 45mcg (new multivit).
Bitter Melon (Momordica Charantia)	Diabetex/GlucoBalance 250mg	-	-	-	Range: 100-200mg, 3 times/day. Traditional use for diabetes in India, Africa, and Asia. Regular use lowers blood suger, urine suger, and HbA1c. Jun01: Dropped GlucoBalance. Jul20: Started Diabetex. Jan0102: Stopped Diabetex
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)	C 500mg + multivit 250mg	1250mg	1	1	Range: 200-1000mg. Required for tissue growth and repair; needed for the metabolism of folic acid. Protects against infections and the harmful effects of pollution. May reduce cholesterol levels and high blood pressure. Levels above 1000mg may cause side effects such as stomach cramps, nausea, and diarrhea and increase risk of developing kidney stones. Deficiency symptoms: anemia, bleeding gums, capillary wall ruptures, bruise easily, dental cavities, low resistance to infections, nose bleeds, poor digestion. Sources: red chili peppers, sweet peppers, kale, parsley, broccoli, brussel sprouts, watercress, cauliflower, cabbage, strawberries, oranges. Jul01: Reduced from 2050 to 1050mg/day. Sep01: Increased from 1050 to 2050mg/day. Oct01: Increased from 2050 to 2150mg/day. Dec01: Increased from 2150 to 2500mg (new multivit). Mar1502: Reduced from 2500 to 1500mg/day (cost). May2102: Increased from 1500 to 2500mg/day (to increase bioflavonoids to counteract stopping Grape Seed Extract & Bilberry). Jul03: Reduced from 1000 to 750mg (new multivit). Jan04: decreased from 750 to 250mg (cost). Sep04: Increased from 250 to 2250mg. Oct05: Reduced from 2250 to 1150mg.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)	Quest Ester-C 500mg with 1000mg Grape Seed	500mg	-	-	Ingredients: C-500mg; Grape Seed-1000mg; Citrus Bioflavonoids-50mg; Quercetin-5mg. Jan04: Stopped (cost)
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)	Quest 1000mg Timed Release	1000mg	-	-	Ingredients: C-1000mg; Citrus Bioflavonoids-100mg. Jan04: Stopped (cost)
Calcium	500mg + multivit 175mg	1175mg	1	1	Range: 400-800mg. Don't take more than 500mg at a time and always take with a meal and lots of water. Calcium lowers cholesterol levels and blood pressure, provides energy, and participates in the protein structuring of RNA and DNA. Helps maintain cell membrane permeability. Involved in the activation of enzymes which break down fats for utilization in the body. There is no support for the claim that magnesium or zinc improves absorption. Vitamin D (400-800 IU) is required to maximize the absorption of calcium. Calcium may affect iron absorption, but don't take extra iron unless you know you are deficient. Excessive calcium can cause kidney stones. Also need to select a supplement with a low lead content; only use a citrate or refined carbonate. Deficiency symptoms: heart palpitations, insomnia, muscle cramps, nervousness, arm & leg numbness, tooth decay. Sources: milk, cheese, sardines, dark greens, nuts and seeds. Feb20: Increased from 175 to 875mg/day. Oct01: Reduced from 875 to 825mg/day. Dec01: Increased from 825 to 950mg (new multivit). Jul03: Decreased from 950 to 875mg (new multivit). Jan04: Reduced from 875 to 175mg (cost). Sep04: Increased from 175 to 1175mg
Carnosine	Feb18: Investigating possible use	-	-	-	Range: 50-100mg. Carnosine is a dipeptide that contains the amino acids alinine and histidine. May promote wound healing, act as an antioxidant, and improve the immune system. It's most important action appears to be its anti-glycosylation effect. May be useful in treating or preventing diabetic complications such as cataract, neuropathy, and kidney failure. Sources: lean red meat and poultry.
Choline	multivit	50mg	-	-	Range: 425-550mg. Probably don't need to supplement; enough in food. Aids cholesterol and fat metabolism. Recently recognized as an essential nutrient. Choline is part of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which plays a major role in the brain. Deficiency symptoms: bleeding stomach ulcers, heart trouble, high blood pressure, impaired liver & kidney function, intolerance to fats. Sources: egg yolks, legumes, meat, milk, soybeans, and whole grains. Jul03: Stopped (non in new multivit).
Chromium	200mcg + multivit 25mcg	175mcg	-	-	Range: 0.2-0.6mg. Don't use above 200mcg without the supervision of your doctor. A 1000mcg level of chromium has been shown to be the most effective for diabetics; however, it has health risks associated with it! Excessive chromium is toxic and has been associated with dermatitis, gastrointestinal ulcers, and kidney and liver problems. A safe upper limit is 200mcg/day. Chromium is an essential trace element required for normal insulin functioning. For diabetics, may be most important trace element to supplement. Used to control blood glucose and cholesterol levels. Also promotes loss of fat and an increase in lean muscle tissue. Chromium deficiency produces diabetic symptoms. Possible adverse interaction with vanadium. May cause calcium deficiency; take calcium 2 hours before/after Chromium. Deficiency symptoms: atherosclerosis, glucose intolerance. Sources: brewer's yeast, calf liver, whole-wheat bread, wheat bran and germ, rye bread, green pepper, and apples. Apr01: Increased from 225mcg to 625mcg/day. Jun01: Reduced from 625mcg to 525mcg/day. Jul01: Decreased from 525 to 225mcg. Sep01: Increased from 225 to 475mcg. Oct01: Increased from 475 to 500mcg/day. Nov01: Reduced from 500 to 250mcg/day (stopped Equate GTF). Dec0101: Increased from 250 to 300mcg (new multivit). May2102: Increased to 350mcg/day. Jul03: Reduced from 350 to 275mcg (new multivit). Jan04: Reduced from 275 to 175mcg.
Chromium Picolinate	Advanced Naturals 500mcg	-	-	-	Feb12: Dropped this form of chromium because of cell mutation evidence (see http://www.anndeweesallen.com/dal_ra01.htm)
Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone)	Natural Factors or Webber or Exact (manufactured for Loblaws/Sunfresh by Webber) 30mg	-	-	-	Range: 30-300mg. Central role in making energy from food. Indications that it can significantly reduce fasting blood glucose levels. Expensive! Sources: all foods, but best are salmon, sardines, beef, peanuts, and spinach; difficult to get therapeutic levels from food. Jul20: Increased from 60 to 120mg/day. Sep01: Reduced from 120 to 60mg/day (hadn't noticed any reduction in blood glucose level, so decided to return to a lower level). May2102: Stopped (cost).
Copper	multivit	2mg	-	-	Range: 1-3mg. Deficiency may increase the risk of high cholesterol and heart disease; may be useful as a treatment for osteoporosis. Deficiency symptoms: general weakness, impaired respiration, skin sores. Sources: legumes, nuts, organ meats, seafood, raisins, molasses, bone meal. Dec0101: Started (in new multivit)
Curcumin (Turmeric)	Organika 500mg	-	-	-	Feb13: Investigating possible benefits for Type 2 Diabetics
Vitamin D (D2-Ergocalciferol, D3-Cholecalciferol)	multivit	400iu	-	-	Range: 200-600iu. Required for the absorption and utilization of calcium and phosphorus within the intestinal tract. Deficiency symptoms: burning sensation in mouth & throat, diarrhea, insomnia, myopia, nervousness, poor metabolism, soft bones and teeth. Sources: sunlight (30-mins/day) and cold-water fish, but usually insufficient.
Vitamin E	Quest or Now + Mixed Tocopherols, or Jamieson 400iu + multivit 200iu	1000iu	1	1	Range: 200-800iu. Improves glucose metabolism and tolerance and reduces insulin requirements. Deficiency symptoms: dry, dull or falling hair, enlarged prostate gland, gastrointestinal disease, heart disease, impotency, miscarriages, muscular wasting sterility. Sources: polyunsaturated vegetable oils, seeds, nuts, and whole grains, but need to supplement to get therapeutic level. Mar1601: Changed from Swiss to Quest or Now 400mg. Reason? Lower price + mixed tocopherols (d-Alpha, d-Beta, d-Delta, d-Gamma). Dec01: Increased from 900 to 1100iu (new multivit). Jan1402: Reduced from 1100 to 700iu (cost). Jan04: Reduced from 700 to 200 iu (cost). Oct05: Increased from 200 to 1000iu.
Echinacea	Swiss Lozenges, 100mg + multivit 200mcg Nov01: I use throughout the day whenever I cough or get a tickle in my throat; I let one dissolve under my tongue	200mcg	-	-	Range: 300-900mg in split doses. Ingredients: Echinacea-100mg, C-100mg, Bee Propolis-50mg, Slippery Elm Bark-10mg. Relieves sore throats and reduces symptoms and duration of colds. Liquid form believed to be more effective. Take at first sign of a cold and continue for 7-14 days. No known benefits for taking in combination with Goldenseal (which is, however, known to speed the healing of wounds when applied topically). No known benefit of taking on an ongoing basis to prevent colds. May cause diarrhea, heartburn, intestinal upset, liver problems, and skin rash. Known interactions with anabolic steriods, Cordarone, Rheumatrex, Nizoral, and Sandimmune.
EFA (Essential Fatty Acids, Vitamin F, Polyunsaturates)	Flora Udo's Choice Ultimate Oil Blend 1tbsp=15mL: 135cals/ 14.5g fat/ 0.2g protein/ 0g carb	15mL	1	-	Range: 1tsp-2tbsp. EFA can reduce blood pressure, lower cholesterol & triglyceride levels, aid transmission of nerve impules and are needed for the normal functioning of the brain. All cells need EFA for rebuilding and producing new cells. GLA is converted into prostaglandin E1; AA into prostaglandin E2, and EPA into prostaglandin E3. Omega-6 converted into GLA, DGLA, and AA forms which are converted into prostaglandin E1 which helps stabilize blood glucose and lower cholesterol levels. Omega-3 converted into SDA, EPA, and DHA forms which help with depression and reduce cholesterol and triglycerides. Ratio of 2:1:1 of GLA:EPA:DHA seems to be most effective. Diabetics may be unable to convert EFA properly. Low-levels of EFA may improve the action of insulin. Diabetics need GLA supplement because body can't make from linoleic acid found in many foods. Sources: salmon, flaxseed, borage oil, black current oil, evening primrose oil. Use as needed to balance Fat/Protein/Carb (1/2/3) meal ratio; typically, I use 1tbsp with breakfast and evening meal. Jul01: Started Flora Ultimate Oil Blend (flax Oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, MCT, evening primrose oil, soy lecithin, rice bran & germ oils, oat bran & germ oils, rosemary extract, tocotrienol: blended to provide a 2:1:1 ratio of Omega 3, 6, & 9. 1tbsp: 9.5g polynsaturates, 7g linolenic acid, 2.95g linoleic acid, 2.95g monounsaturates, 1.5g saturates, 0g cholesterol). Sep01: Increased from 1 to 2tbsp/day. Sep16: Omega-3 from fish-oil (eg, salmon) may raise blood glucose levels & lower insulin production. Is this true for Omega-3 from vegetarian sources (eg, flaxseed)? Safe level for diabetics? 240mg GLA with 240mg EPA/DHA may be ideal levels and ratio. Mar1502: Reduced from 2 to 1tbsp/day (hadn't been taking in pm)
Energy Bars	Shoppers Drug Mart Life SuperBar; Interactive Nutrition SoyOne; Kraft Balance Bar; or Loblaws President's Choice Equalizer	-	-	-	I bought these bars locally and selected them on the basis of taste and their closeness to the Zone 1/2/3 fat/protein/carbohydrate profile. I occassionally use them to provide a convenient and nutritionally sound meal replacement. The kids love them too! SuperBar (Strawberry/Banana or Chocolate Mint): 193 cals, 5.7/14/22; SoyOne (Raspberry): 245 cals, 6.8/18/28; Balance (Raspberry): 200cals, 6/14/22; Equalizer (Raspberry or Blueberry): 198 cals, 5.8/11/25
Eyebright	SuperVision/EyeFactors 200mg	-	-	-	Herb used as an eyewash and commonly believed, with little evidence, to stengthen eye and help body dissolve cataracts, heal lesions and conjunctivitis (pinkeye). Apr01: Added 200mg/day as part of EyeFactors. Jul01: Replaced EyeFactors with SuperVision.Jan02: Stopped (cost)
Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum Graecum)	GlucoBalance or Diabetex 100mg	-	-	-	Range: 5-50g. Traditional Indian herbal remedy for diabetes; 15-25g of Fenugreek powder has been shown to reduce fasting blood glucose levels by 30%. Higher level needed to lower glucose levels, but current level may be effective in helping to lower LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Mar08: Reduced from 1600 to 100mg/day (dropped Swiss 500mg). Jun01: Dropped GlucoBalance. Jul20: Started Swiss 500mg and Diabetex. Sep01: Reduced from 1100 to 100mg (dropped Swiss) since no impact on blood glucose levels was noticed. Jan0102: Stopped GlucoBalance
Folic Acid (Folate, Folacin, B8)	1mg + multivit 0.7mg	2.7mg	1	1	Range: 0.4-5.0mg. Folic acid, a B vitamin, is considered a brain food and is needed for energy production and the formation of red blood cells. Deficiency is common. Strengthens immune system by supporting the proper formation and functioning of white blood cells. Functions as a coenzyme in DNA and RNA synthesis and is important for healthy cell division and replication. Involved in protein metabolism. Deficiency symptoms: anemia, digestive disturbances, graying hair. Sources: dark greens, fruits, rice, brewer's yeast, beef liver, beans, soybeans. Apr01: Increased from 0.2mg to 0.6mg/day. Oct01: Increased from 0.6 to 0.8mg/day (from multivit; stopped Swiss/Jamieson 400mcg). Dec01: Started Swiss/Jamieson (since new multivit has less). May2102: Increased from 0.8 to 2.4mg/day to try and lower my homocysteine level. Jul03: Increased from 2.4 to 2.7 mg (new multivit). Jan04: Reduced from 2.7 to 0.7mg. Sep04: increased from 0.7 to 2.7mg
Food and Diet	Zone Diet & Fresh Start Metabolism Program	Goal: 1800 calories /day	-	-	My main meal targets are 15g fat / 30g protein / 45g carbohydrates (note the 1/2/3 ratio and that this equates to 30/30/40% calorie contribution ratios; using 1g fat=9 calories and 1g protein / carbohydrate=4 calories). I try to eat carbohydrates with a low glycemic index. Jan0102: Increased Goal from 1500 to 1800 calories/day
Garlic	GNC 800mg	1600mg	1	1	Maximum: 4000mg. Lowers blood pressure and cholesterol, stimulates immune system, is a natural antibiotic, and aids food digestion. May cause intestinal problems and stomach upsets. Known adverse reaction with Warfarin.
Ginkgo Biloba	Sundown Herbal 40mg or Webber or Exact 60mg +Diabetex/GlucoBalance 60mg	-	-	-	Range: 120-240mg. Enhances blood circulation and supply of oxygen throughout the body. Also acts as an antioxident, has anti-aging effects, and reduces blood pressure. May cause headaches and indigestion. Known adverse reactions with Aspirin, Plavix, Persantine, Ticlid, and Warfarin. May be helpful in counteracting the sexual side-effects of SSRIs. Jun01: Reduced from 180 to 120mg/day (dropped GlucoBalance). Jul01: Increased from 120 to 460mg/day. Aug01: Reduced from 460 to 180mg. Nov01: A controversial report claims that Ginkgo Biloba contains Colchicine which has been linked to birth defects. It appears, however, that the researchers have screwed up because Ginkgo Biloba does not contain Colchicine! See http://www.newhope.com/ news.cfm?news=1037 and http://www.naturalproductsinsider.com/ hotnews/18h30155736.html. For the time being, until this confusion has been cleared up, it might be prudent for women who are pregnant or trying to conceive to avoid the use of Ginkgo Biloba. Jan0102: Reduced from 180 to 120mg/day (stopped GlucoBalance). Mar1502: Increased from 120 to 160mg/day (changed to Sundown). May2102: Stopped (cost)
Ginseng	Natrol 420mg	-	-	-	Range: 200-800mg, 2 weeks on/off. Traditional Chinese diabetes treatment. Helps lower fasting blood glucose and body weight. Decreases cortisol level, which can interfere with insulin function. Increases use of fatty acids as an energy source which decreases release of glycogen stored in the liver and muscle cells. Low dose may raise blood pressure while a high one may decrease. Known adverse reactions with Warfarin, Nardil, and Lanoxin. Mar08: Stopped until Mar22. Apr01: Stopped. Jun01: Started again! Jul01: Stopped until Jul28. Aug01: Started Siberian Ginseng. May2102: Stopped (cost)
Glucosol	OptioHealth 24mg	-	-	-	Range: 16-48mg. Glucosol is a standardized plant extract from the leaves of the Banaba plant (Lagerstroemia speciosa). Helps promote normal blood glucose metabolism. Specifically, the active marker compound of Glucosol, corosolic acid, has been shown to help maintain normal transport of blood glucose into cells. 1999 clinical studies by Dr. William Judy showed significant benefits of Glucosol when taken daily for 30 days at 32 and 48mg per day. Feb17: Investigating as possible addition to supplement list. Ordered from OptioHealth. Feb27: Received Glucosol. Mar03: Started Glucosol. Mar08: Blood glucose levels have dropped by about 20%. Jan0102: Stopped (ran out). Although I believe it is of benefit, I don't plan to restart simply because of cost.
Glutathione (GSH)	Organika "Reduced" 50mg	-	-	-	Feb18: Investigating possible benefits for Type 2 Diabetics. May05: Glutathione (GSH) is probably the body�s most important antioxidant, especially for the eyes. Direct GSH supplementation may not work; need to support the body�s own GSH synthesis by supplementing with Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E. Sep08: Since I already had some, started 100mg/day in an attempt to raise GSH levels while reducing use of Paxil. Diabetic condition may deplete GSH level and a low level may even be a contributing factor in the onset of diabetes, ongoing difficulty in controlling blood glucose levels, and in the development of complications. High-bioavailable Whey protein (for example, Immunocal and Gluta Syn) has been shown to stimulate GSH synthesis. Jan1402: Stopped (ran out and I don't plan to buy more)
Grape Seed Extract (OPC, PCO)	Quest Ester-C 1000mg	1000mg	-	-	Range: 100-300mg. Helpful for kidneys. Like Bilberry, appears to decrease leakiness and fragility of capillaries by strengthening and repairing connective tissues. Feb17: Increased from 100 to 200mg/day when stopped Pycnogenol. Mar08: Reduced from 200 to 100mg/day. Apr01: Increased from 100mg to 200mg/day. Mar1502: Reduced from 200 to 100mg/day (cost). May2102: Stopped (cost). Oct02: Started 1000mg from Quest Ester-C. Jan04: stopped (cost)
Green Barley Grass	Organika	14g	1tbsp	-	Mixed in 250mL (8oz) of tomatoe juice. Barley grass is high in calcium, iron, all the essential amino acids, chlorophyll, flavonoids, B12, C, and many minerals, plus enzymes. The enzymes play vital roles in digestion, tissue reparation, and detoxifying organs such as the lungs, colon, and kidneys. Barley grass also contains a high concentration of Manganese which plays an important role as part of the natural antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), which helps fight damaging free radicals and helps energy and blood glucose control. The SOD enzyme revitalizes cells and reduces their rate of destruction; SOD also neutalizes the most common free radical superoxide. Age and diabetes decreases the amount of SOD in the body. Barley grass can also help heal the pancreatis. Tomatoe juice contains the phytochemical lycopene, which has been shown to reduce the risk or prostate cancer by as much 40%. Apr01: Hadn't been taking in pm, so adjusted dosage indication.
Gymnema Sylvestre (Gurmar)	Diabetex/GlucoBalance 260mg	-	-	-	Range: 400-600mg. Indian herbal treatment for diabetes. At 400mg level, shown to stimulate pancreatic release of insulin, lower blood suger levels and HbA1c, and lower cholesterol and triglycerides. Feb 12: started; will watch blood suger levels over the next week to determine impact. Apr01: No significant impact noticed. Jun01: Stopped GlucoBalance. Aug01: Started Diabetex. Jan0102: Stopped Diabetex
Iodine (Iodide)	multivit	150mcg	-	-	Range: 150-200mcg. Thyroid gland needs iodine to make the thyroid hormone which maintains normal metabolism in all body cells. It also helps metabolize excess fat. Deficiency symptoms: cold hands & feet, dry hair, irritability, nervousness, obesity. Sources: seafood, kelp tablets, iodized salt. Jul03: Increased from 100 to 150mcg ( new multivit)
Inositol	GNC Inositol Nicotinate (meso-inositol hexanicotinate) 102mg + multivit 0 mg	204mg	-	-	Range: 50-100mg. Helps reduce cholesterol levels, prevent hardening of arteries, helps remove fats from liver, aids in the formation of lecithin and the metabolism of fat and cholesterol. Deficiency symptoms: high cholesterol, constipation, eczema, eye problems, hair loss. Sources: nuts, seeds, beans, whole grains, cantaloupe, and citrus fruits provide phytic acid which releases inositol in the digestive tract. Jul03: Reduced from 254 to 204mg (none in new multivit). Jan04: Stopped (cost)
Iron	multivit	10mg	-	-	Range: 10-15mg. Needed in the formation of hemoglobin and myoglobin and the oxygenation of red blood cells. Iron is also required for a healthy immune system and energy production. Deficiency symptoms: breathing difficulties, brittle nails, iron deficiency anemia (pale skin & fatigue), constipation. Sources: oysters, meat, poultry, fish, whole grains, dark greens, legumes, egg yolks, nuts, seeds, kelp. Dec0101: Increased from 10 to 14mg (new multivit). Jul03: Reduced from 14 to 10mg (new multivit)
Kava (Piper Methysticum)	Webber 150mg (30% kavalactones)	-	-	-	Maximum: 1000mg/day (assuming 30% kavalactones). Used to treat tension, nervousness, stress, and anxiety (300mg, 3 times/day) and insomnia (600mg, 1-hour before bedtime). Can take 1 to 8 weeks to work. Believed to work by binding to the GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) neurotransmitter that inhibits the activity of nerve cells that cause anxiety. Overuse can dampen men's libido. Can cause drowsiness. High doses can cause ataxia and paralysis. Shouldn't be used by children, pregnant or lactating women, or with other sedatives like antidepressants or barbituates. Seems to work well in combination with St John's Wort. Poor blood glucose control can cause anxiety symptoms, so don't bother taking Kava unless you have good control. Dec0101: Started 600mg/day. Feb02: Stopped Kava because of a Health Canada Advisory against its use because of liver toxicity concerns.
Lecithin	Jamieson 400mg	-	-	-	Range: 350-900mg, 3 times/day. Needed by all cells. Cell membranes which regulate the passage of nutrients into and out of cells, are largely lecithin. Lecithin improves brain function and enables fats, such as cholesterol and other lipids, to be dispersed and removed from the body. Aids in the digestion of fats and the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Feb01: Increased from 6 to 1030mg/day. Dec01: Reduced from 1030 to 800mg/day. Jun02: Stopped (cost)
Lutein	EyeFactors or SuperVision 80mg	500mcg	-	-	Range: 6-30mg. May help protect our eyes and eyesight by acting as a natural sunblock and by neutralizing free radicals that can damage the eye. May help prevent Cataracts. Apr01: Added 80mg/day. Jul01: Replaced EyeFactors with SuperVision. Jul03: Stopped SuperVision, started 500mcg (new multivit).
Magnesium	50mg + multivit 100mg	100mg	-	-	Range: 100-600mg. Transports glucose to cells; regulates how we use food for energy; required for production and release of insulin. Deficiency fairly common. Possible kidney-related problems at levels above 200mg. Deficiency symptoms: confusion, disorientation, easily aroused anger, nervousness, rapid pulse, tremors. Sources: kelp, wheat bran, wheat germ, almonds, cashews, brewer's yeast, whole grains, cheddar cheese, sunflower seeds. Apr01: Reduced from 225mg to 200mg/day. Dec01: Reduced from 200 to 175mg (new multivit). Jan02: Reduced from 175 to 150mg/day. Jul03: Increased from 150 to 200mg (new multivit). Jan04: Reduced from 200 to 100mg (cost)
Manganese	multivit	5mg	-	-	Range: 3-6mg. Required for protein and fat metabolism and blood glucose regulation. Plays a particularly important role as part of the natural antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). Deficiency symptoms: ataxia (muscle coordination failure), dizziness, ear noises, hearing loss. Sources: whole grains, legumes, grape juice, egg yolks, blueberries, peas. Dec01: Increased from 5 to 10mg (new multivit). Jul03: Reduced from 10 to 5mg (new multivit)
Milk Thistle (Silybum Marianum)	Quest Milk Thistle Extraxt Formula 2100mg (60mg PE 1:35)	2100mg	-	-	Range: 70-560mg. Phytochemicals (known as silymarin) from Milk Thistle may prevent damage to, and help heal, the pancreas. Also protects kidneys and liver and stimulates production of new liver cells. Apr01: Started. Jul01: Reduced from 500 to 240mg/day (as part of Sundown Milk Thistle Complex). Nov01: Increased from 240 to 2100mg when replaced Sundown with Quest Milk Thistle Extract Formula
NAC (N-acetyl C)	May05: Not needed	-	-	-	Range: 250-1500mg/day. NAC increases synthesis of glutathione, possibly the body's most important antioxidant. May05: Investigating possible supplemention benefit. My research indicates that NAC may inactivate insulin; I have concluded that diabetics shouldn't use NAC or the related Cysteine and Cystine directly but rely on the body to synthesize glutathione with the aid of a high-bioavailable Whey protein supplement.
PABA (Para-Aminobenzoic Acid)	multivit	-	-	-	Range: 50-400mg. PABA is a basic constituent of folic acid. It acts as a coenzyme in the breakdown and utilization of protein, and assists in the formation of red blood cells. Deficiency symptoms: constipation, depression, digestive disorders, fatigue, gray hair, headaches, irritability. Sources: whole grains and meat. Dec01: Decreased from 50 to 10mg (new multivit). Jul03: Decreased from 10 to 0mg (new multivit)
Papain (Bromelain, Chymotrypsin, Pancreatin, Trysin)	multivit	-	-	-	Helps in the digestion of proteins. May help in reducing symptoms of food allergies. May also help with "leaky gut" problems. Dec01: Stopped (none in new multivit)
Potassium	multivit	40mg	-	-	Range: 200-1200mg. Helps regulate the transfer of nutrients through cell membranes. Probably don't need to increase dosage; diet adds sufficient. Deficiency symptoms: acne, continuous thirst, dry skin, constipation, general weakness, insomnia, muscle damage, nervousness, slow irregular hearbeat, weak reflexes. Sources: dairy products, fish, fruit, legumes, meats, poultry, vegetables, whole grains. Dec01: Decreased from 50 to 10mg (new multivit). Jul03: Increased from 10 to 40mg (new multivit).
Protein	Sisu Body Elite Whey, Protein Isolate, unsweetened (30g: 114cal, 0.3g fat, 26.4g protein, 1.5g carb); Precision Iso-Pro low carb, Protein Isolate, sucralose sweetened (35g: 131cal, 0.6g fat, 30g protein, 1.4g carb); Interactive Nutrition Complete Vegetarian (30g: 108cal, 0g fat, 27g protein, 0g carb). GNC Pro Performance Elite Series Whey ISO Burst, Banana Berry Burst, sucralose sweetened (45g: 160cal, 0.5g fat, 40g protein, 1.5g carb)	-	-	-	Used as needed to balance Fat/Protein/Carb (1/2/3) ratio. Always eat about 100g protein/day. If you have kidney problems, you may have to limit your protein intake based on weight (0.25g/lb) to about 20-60g/day; however, if you keep your blood glucose levels within 4-7mmol/L (72-126mg/dL) you needn't be too concerned about how protein affects your kidneys. For other reasons (primarily concerns about calcium loss) limit your protein to about 100g/day. Some indications that a Whey protein isolate may be the best supplement choice for boosting your immune system, especially for promoting GSH synthesis. Sep03: Changed to GNC ISO Burst which also contains Banaba Leaf. To ensure high absorption, use a Whey protein isolate; don't use a concentrate
Quercetin	Quest Ester-C 5mg	5mg	-	-	Range: 200-400mg, 3 times/day. A natural antioxidant found in red wine, Quercetin is a bioflavonoid that protects cells against damage by free radicals. Blocks accumulation of sorbitol which damages eyes, nerves and kidneys. May also help prevent cataracts and a wide range of viruses from infecting cells. Sources: red wine, apples, onions. Apr01: Added 50mg/day. Jul01: Replaced EyeFactors with SuperVision. Jul03: Stopped (cost)
SAMe (S-Adenosylmethionine)	Nov01: Investigating possible benefit when used as an antidepressant	-	-	-	Range: 200-400mg, 3-4 times/day. I saw SAMe mentioned for the first time as an effective, but very expensive ($500/month), treatment for depression (see Overcoming Depression, Sharon Doyle Driedger, Maclean's, November 12, 2001). SAMe is derived from methionine, a sulfur-containing amino acid; and ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the body's main energy molecule. The intravenous form of SAMe has been shown to be of benefit in the treatment of osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, liver disease, and Parkinson's disease. The benefit of the oral form of SAMe when used as an antidepressant is far from conclusive. Unless I could get a prescription for it, which is not likely because it is illegal in Canada, I will not even be trying it! Should not be used with any SSRI.
Saw Palmetto (Serenoa Repens)	Swiss Super Saw Palmetto 800mg	1600mg	1	1	Range: 320-1800mg/day. Saw Palmetto is commonly used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) which is an age-related problem which affects most men and is usually indicated by an enlarged prostrate which causes urination and sexual problems. Diabetic men are more susceptible to BPH and prostrate cancer and should have an annual digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostrate-specific antigen (PSA) test (a level below 2.5ng/mL is good). Usually takes about 4-6 weeks to work but may take up to 12 months. Individuals with bleeding problems (such as hemophillia) or those taking drugs that "thin" the blood should avoid. See http://www.consumerlab.com/results/sawpalmetto.asp. Jan0102: Started with 640mg/day. Mar1502: Reduced from 640 to 320mg/day. Oct02: Reduced from 320 to 220mg/day. Sep04: Increased to 1600mg/day.
Selenium	Swiss 50mcg + multivit 25mcg	25mcg	-	-	Range: 100-200mcg. Inhibits the oxidation of fats. Needed for pancreatic function and tissue elasticity. Protects immune system by preventing formation of free radicals; may help protect heart, liver and kidneys; may also help prevent prostate cancer. Sources: brewer's yeast, brazil nuts, broccoli, brown rice, chicken, dairy products, kelp, liver, onions, salmon, tuna, vegetables, whole grains. Apr01: Increased from 125mcg to 175mcg/day. May 05: Increased from 175 to 225mg/day. Oct01: Increased from 225 to 250mcg/day (25mcg more in new multivit). Jan1802: Reduced from 250 to 150mcg/day. Jul03: Reduced from 150 to 125mcg (new multivit). Jan04: Reduced from 125 to 25mcg (cost)
Stevia	Now Foods Stevia Extract, 100, 1g packets or Powder Grow your own Stevia: you can order plants or seeds from Richters	-	-	-	Ingredients: Rice Maltodextrin, Stevia Rebaudiana Extract (stevioside), and Silica. Mar1001: Purchased this "dietary supplement" for use instead of artificial sweeteners. There are indications that the daily use of 20-30 drops of water-based whole-leaf Stevia concentrate with meals helps regulate blood glucose levels. I plan to investigate the therapeutic uses of Stevia further. Apr0101: Like most artificial sweetners, I find Stevia very sweet and I've been unable to find out how much Maltodextrin per packet it contains; it seems that Maltodextrin can increase your insulin levels, so wouldn't recommend this Stevia combination; look for a Stevia-only product and one based on the whole leaf (like the Now Foods Powder form). Perhaps even grow your own! Jan3102: Stevia is banned in Europe because it is believed to cause DNA mutations, see http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/sc/scf/out34_en.pdf and http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/sc/scf/out36_en.pdf. On balance, it would seem advisable to avoid Stevia (along with all artificial sweetners); also see the Nutrition Action Healthletter article on Stevia.
St. John's Wort	Natural Factors or Webber 300mg (0.3% Hypericin)	-	-	-	Range: 300mg, 3 times/day. Used to treat mild to moderate depression. Works like an SSRI, without the side-effects or associated addiction, by maximizing the use of the serotonin neurotransmitter already in the brain. Like an SSRI, it does not increase the amount of serotonin present. Also seems to function as a MAO (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; MAO is an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of serotonin in the brain. Takes about 4 weeks to work. See http://www.consumerlab.com/results/sjw.asp?claffid=100896. May cause dizziness, dry mouth, fatigue, digestive problems, and light sensitivity. Works well with Kava. Known to interfere with the actions of Digoxin, Cyclosporine, Zoloft, and oral contraceptives. Should not be used with any SSRI. Nov15: Started as a replacement for Paxil. Apr02: Stopped because it wasn't helping me!
Vanadium	multivit 10mcg	10mcg	-	-	Range: 10-30mcg. Vanadium is a trace mineral that was used to treat diabetes before discovery of insulin. Deficiency linked to kidney disease. May be helpful in controlling blood glucose. May have adverse interaction with chromium; take at different times? Sources: oats, olive oil, sunflower seeds, corn, green beans, carrots. Jun01: Dropped. Aug01: Started Webber. Oct01: Increased from 50 to 150mcg (100mcg in new multivit). May2102: Reduced to 100mcg. Jul03: Reduced from 100 to 10mcg (new multivit)
Water	Culligan Aqua Cleer Reverse Osmosis System. Reviews of other systems.	2000mL	-	-	I'm currently drinking about 4 x 500mL of water/day filtered by an undercounter reverse osmosis system. Currently investigating claimed benefits of charging water with tachyon energy.
Zinc	multivit	15mg	-	-	Range: 15-30mg. Needed for protein synthesis. It is a part of insulin and many vital enzymes, including SOD. Deficiency symptoms: fatigue, loss of taste, poor appetite, prolonged wound healing, sterility. Sources: oysters, seeds, nuts, peas, whole wheat, rye, oats. Dec01: Increased from 10 to 15mg (new multivit)
Online sources: see http://www.supplementwatch.com/, http://www.herbmed.org/, http://www.healthy.net/, webMD, vitamins, minerals, or herbs. Printed sources: Natural Treatments for Diabetes, Kathi Head, ND; The Age-Free Zone, Barry Sears, PhD; The Super Anti-oxidants, James F. Balch, MD; Prescription for Nutritional Healing: A-to-Z Guide to Supplements, James & Phyllis Balch.

Updated: October 2, 2005